Canon II

“Stopping”: To advance by analogy, the principle lies in “sameness.” The difficulty in advancing by analogy lies in the scope of things. All things share the same name: for example, “two” and “fight,” love, food and attraction, whiteness and vision, beauty and cruelty, a man and shoes. If one aspect is neglected yet stubbornly regarded as correct, the principle lies in “following precedent.” One cannot neglect both aspects and treat them as one, the principle lies in “manifestation” and “coexistence,” “one” and “two,” “width” and “length.” What ability cannot achieve yet does not constitute harm, the principle lies in “harm” itself. Things of different categories cannot be compared, the principle lies in “measurement.” Neglecting one aspect does not diminish the whole, the principle lies in “reason.” A false proposition must be erroneous, the principle lies in “not being so.” The reason why something is so, the way people know it, and the method used to make people know it are not necessarily the same, the principle lies in “illness.” Doubt, the principle lies in “meeting,” “following,” “encountering,” “error.” Combination and unity, sometimes returning and sometimes not returning, the principle lies in “resistance.” Distinguishing things as a whole, the principle lies in “common unity” and “uniqueness.” Space or movement, the principle lies in “extending space” and “extending time.” Neither hard nor white, the principle lies in “no time” and “no space.” Hardness and whiteness, the principle lies in “reliance.” Existing in things already so and not yet so, the principle lies in “being here.” The shadow does not move, the principle lies in “changing” behavior. There are two shadows, the principle lies in “overlap.” The shadow is inverted, because at the intersection point there is an endpoint and the shadow’s length, the principle lies in “endpoint.” The shadow faces the sun, the principle lies in “rotation.” The size of the shadow, the principle lies in “slant and upright” and “far and near.” Standing facing a mirror, the shadow is inverted, many appear as few, the principle lies in “narrow area.” In the mirror position there are two shadows, one small and changing, one large and upright, the principle lies in “inside or outside the center.” In a spherical mirror there is only one shadow, curved yet necessarily upright, the principle lies in “attainment.” Firm without bending, the principle lies in “competence.” Pulling and restraining a board, the principle lies in “pressing near.” A slanted thing cannot be made upright, the principle lies in “reduction.” Pushing it must move forward, the principle lies in “placing wood.” Buying has no dearness or cheapness, the principle lies in “looking back at its price.” If the price is suitable, then sell, the principle lies in “completeness.” Without reason yet fearful, the principle lies in “uncertainty.” Names are sometimes temporary, the principle lies in “actual things.” Knowing that “knowing and not knowing” is sufficient, this is erroneous, the principle lies in “no basis.” Saying that debate has no victory or defeat must be inappropriate, the principle lies in “debate itself.” There is no case of not yielding, this is not permissible, the principle lies in “beginning.” Regarding a thing, there are parts known and parts unknown, the principle lies in “existence.” Pointing to two things yet unable to escape, the principle lies in “using two to overlap.” Knowing yet unable to point out, the principle lies in “spring,” “fleeing servant,” “dog and canine,” “noble person.” Knowing dog yet claiming not to know canine, this is an error, the principle lies in “repetition.” First communicate intent and then respond, the principle lies in “not knowing who is spoken of.” What is preserved and the preserver, regarding preservation and who preserves, these four are different. Explanation. The five phases have no eternal victor, the principle lies in “appropriateness.” Without desire and without aversion become increase or harm, the principle lies in “appropriateness.” Reducing yet not causing harm, the principle lies in “surplus.” Knowing things without relying on the five senses, the principle lies in “length of time.” Fire must be hot, the principle lies in “stoppage.” Knowing those things that are not known, the principle lies in “using names to select.” No must rely on having, the principle lies in “what is said.” Selecting thought without doubt, the principle lies in “having and not having.” About to be so yet uncertain, but not hindering effort, the principle lies in “appropriateness.” An even rope does not break, the principle lies in “what is even.” Yao’s benevolence and righteousness arise in the present yet exist in antiquity, times differ, the principle lies in “what is considered benevolence and righteousness.” Dog is canine, but killing dog is not killing canine, this can be established, the principle lies in “repetition.” Sending Yin Mei to handle affairs, the principle lies in “commissioning.” Chu is large but its Shen County is small, the principle lies in “possessing.” Taking a pillar as a sphere, because it is considered without perception, the principle lies in “intent.” The intent of inference cannot be known in advance, the principle lies in “usable” and “faults opposing each other.” One is less than two, yet more than five, the principle lies in “establishing place values.” Without cutting halfway, it will not move, the principle lies in “endpoint.” It may not exist, but once it exists it cannot be removed, the principle lies in “having been so.” Upright yet unable to bear, the principle lies in “circle.” Spatial advance has no near or far, the principle lies in “distribution.” Walking long is due to time, the principle lies in “before and after.” Things of the same rule mutually analogize and are all of the same kind, like squares overlapping each other, the principle lies in “square.” Erroneous examples cannot be used to recognize differences, the principle lies in “existence.” One cannot say “ox-horse is not ox,” the same as being able to say it, the principle lies in “concurrent reference.” This and that, that and this, and this-that are the same, the principle lies in “difference.” Singing in harmony also has misfortune, the principle lies in “effect.” Hearing what is not known like what is known, then both are known, the principle lies in “informing.” Saying that all statements are erroneous, this itself is erroneous, the principle lies in “those statements themselves.” Only what I say is correct, this is not a name, then it is not permissible, the principle lies in “opposition.” Infinity does not harm universal love, the principle lies in “fullness or not.” Not knowing its number yet knowing it is entirely so, the principle lies in “the one who asks.” Not knowing its location does not hinder loving it, the principle lies in “one who has lost a son.” Benevolence and righteousness divided into inner and outer, this is confusion, the principle lies in “violating the face.” The benefit of learning, the principle lies in “the criticizer.” Whether criticism is permissible does not depend on the number of people, the principle lies in “can be criticized.” Opposing the criticizer is erroneous, the principle lies in “not opposing.” Things have what is extraordinary and what is not, the principle lies in “being like this.” Seeking above from below, the principle lies in “marsh.” Not this yet the same as this, the principle lies in “inconsistency.”